A doughnut or donut is a type of fried dough food popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet (or occasionally savory) snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty outlets. They are usually sweet, deep-fried from a flour dough, and shaped in rings or flattened spheres that sometimes contain fillings. Other types of dough such as potato can also be used as well as other batters, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types.
The two most common types are the toroidal ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, a flattened sphere injected with jam, jelly, cream, custard, or other sweet fillings. A small spherical piece of dough may be cooked as a doughnut hole. Baked doughnuts are a variation cooked in an oven instead of being deep fried. Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake and risen type doughnuts.
Various doughnut incarnations are popular around the globe. Shapes include rings, balls, and flattened spheres, as well as ear shapes, twists and other forms. Not all doughnuts are sweet: in Southern India for instance, savory doughnuts called vadai are served.
China Asia
There are a few sweet doughtnut-style pastries that are more regional in nature. Cantonese cuisine features an oval shaped pastry called ngàuhleisōu (牛脷酥, lit. "Ox-tongue pastry" due to its tongue-like shape). In Taiwan, there is shuāngbāotāi (雙胞胎, lit. twins).
A spherical food called saa1 jung1 (沙翁) which is also similar to cream puff, but denser in texture (doughnut like texture) with sugar sprinkled on top is normally available in Cantonese restaurants in the dim sum style. An oilier Beijing variant of this called 高力豆沙, gaoli dousha, is filled with red bean paste, originally, it is made with egg white instead of dough.
Chinese restaurants in the US sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes. They are served with condensed milk as a sauce.
Chinese cuisine features long deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in Mandarin, yóutiáo (油條, lit. oil strips.); in Cantonese, this doughnut-style pastry is called yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼, ghosts fried in oil). These pastries are not sweet and are often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge.
The two most common types are the toroidal ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, a flattened sphere injected with jam, jelly, cream, custard, or other sweet fillings. A small spherical piece of dough may be cooked as a doughnut hole. Baked doughnuts are a variation cooked in an oven instead of being deep fried. Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake and risen type doughnuts.
Various doughnut incarnations are popular around the globe. Shapes include rings, balls, and flattened spheres, as well as ear shapes, twists and other forms. Not all doughnuts are sweet: in Southern India for instance, savory doughnuts called vadai are served.
China Asia
There are a few sweet doughtnut-style pastries that are more regional in nature. Cantonese cuisine features an oval shaped pastry called ngàuhleisōu (牛脷酥, lit. "Ox-tongue pastry" due to its tongue-like shape). In Taiwan, there is shuāngbāotāi (雙胞胎, lit. twins).
A spherical food called saa1 jung1 (沙翁) which is also similar to cream puff, but denser in texture (doughnut like texture) with sugar sprinkled on top is normally available in Cantonese restaurants in the dim sum style. An oilier Beijing variant of this called 高力豆沙, gaoli dousha, is filled with red bean paste, originally, it is made with egg white instead of dough.
Chinese restaurants in the US sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes. They are served with condensed milk as a sauce.
Chinese cuisine features long deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in Mandarin, yóutiáo (油條, lit. oil strips.); in Cantonese, this doughnut-style pastry is called yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼, ghosts fried in oil). These pastries are not sweet and are often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge.
甜甜圈（也叫唐纳滋，台灣又常稱：多拿滋，香港以英語音譯粵語稱：冬甩、多甩；英文：doughnut、donut）是一種用麵粉、砂糖、奶油和雞蛋混合後經過油炸的甜食。最普遍的兩種形狀是中空的環狀、或中間有包入奶油、蛋漿（卡士達）等甜餡料的封閉型甜甜圈。
在亞洲，甜甜圈主要是被當成點心類的食物，但在美國則有許多人以甜甜圈作為早餐的主食。
甜甜圈历史:
甜甜圈的历史是有争议的。有一种理论认为，甜甜圈是被荷兰定居者引入北美的，他们也同时使其他美国甜点，包括饼干和奶油馅饼开始流行起来。这一理论是基于一个事实，即在19世纪中叶甜甜圈被称为荷兰olykoeks（油蛋糕）。然而，也有供考究的证据表明，这种糕点是由旧时在美国西南部的土著人发明的。
美国人汉森·格雷戈里声称，他早在1847年乘坐一艘做石灰生意的船舶出国时就已经发明了环形的甜甜圈，那时他还只有16岁。格雷戈里厌恶普通油炸饼那种油腻的被扭曲成各种形状的感觉和那些总是炸不熟的中心部分。他说自己那时已经用船上的胡椒罐子在面团的中心打了一个洞，后来又把这种技术教给了他的母亲。
在劳拉·英格尔斯·怀尔德的书——《农民男孩》中， Almanzo的母亲做了麻花形和环形两种甜甜圈，那种环形的被称为“新发明”。书里面说，当烹饪时那种麻花形的会自己翻转，而那种环形的需要你自己动手去翻动。
据人类学家保罗·R·穆林斯说，甜甜圈首次被提及是在1803年的一本英文版美国食谱附录中。到19世纪中叶，甜甜圈的样式和味道就和今天看到的基本相近了，并开始被视为一种彻头彻尾的美国食品。
甜甜圈的历史是有争议的。有一种理论认为，甜甜圈是被荷兰定居者引入北美的，他们也同时使其他美国甜点，包括饼干和奶油馅饼开始流行起来。这一理论是基于一个事实，即在19世纪中叶甜甜圈被称为荷兰olykoeks（油蛋糕）。然而，也有供考究的证据表明，这种糕点是由旧时在美国西南部的土著人发明的。
美国人汉森·格雷戈里声称，他早在1847年乘坐一艘做石灰生意的船舶出国时就已经发明了环形的甜甜圈，那时他还只有16岁。格雷戈里厌恶普通油炸饼那种油腻的被扭曲成各种形状的感觉和那些总是炸不熟的中心部分。他说自己那时已经用船上的胡椒罐子在面团的中心打了一个洞，后来又把这种技术教给了他的母亲。
在劳拉·英格尔斯·怀尔德的书——《农民男孩》中， Almanzo的母亲做了麻花形和环形两种甜甜圈，那种环形的被称为“新发明”。书里面说，当烹饪时那种麻花形的会自己翻转，而那种环形的需要你自己动手去翻动。
据人类学家保罗·R·穆林斯说，甜甜圈首次被提及是在1803年的一本英文版美国食谱附录中。到19世纪中叶，甜甜圈的样式和味道就和今天看到的基本相近了，并开始被视为一种彻头彻尾的美国食品。
甜甜圈的做法:
1.先將除了無鹽奶油外的所有材料混合攪打成糰，之後將奶油加入繼續攪打成光滑的麵糰，再蓋上保鮮膜，放在室溫下發酵60分鐘左右。
2.將麵糰取出來，用桿麵棍桿成厚約1.5公分的片狀，再用甜甜圈切割模壓出形狀，並用保鮮膜包覆好，進行最後發酵約10分鐘左右。
3.起一油鍋，燒至約170度的油溫，再將麵餅刷去表面餘粉，以正面向下放入鍋中，並且不斷地翻面。
4.約3分鐘後，兩面炸成了金黃色，將甜甜圈取出吸油並熄火，即可完成。
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